交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)至今已(yi)有30多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。由低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流調(diao)(diao)速(su)系統(tong)(tong),因其(qi)(qi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷創新,使系統(tong)(tong)在(zai)性能(neng)上(shang)不(bu)斷地完(wan)善(shan),并在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)傳動(dong)領域挑戰直(zhi)(zhi)流調(diao)(diao)速(su)系統(tong)(tong)，已(yi)得(de)(de)到了(le)廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。現(xian)在(zai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)達國家已(yi)經成(cheng)熟，隨著新的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷出(chu)現(xian)，新的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)層出(chu)不(bu)窮，使得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)到更加廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)功率(lv)調(diao)(diao)速(su)領域采用交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)已(yi)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢。這是(shi)因為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)功率(lv)（315kW以(yi)上(shang)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流調(diao)(diao)速(su)系統(tong)(tong)無論是(shi)在(zai)性能(neng)上(shang)，還是(shi)在(zai)價格上(shang)都優于(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)流系統(tong)(tong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)泛指3kV、6kV、10kV三個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。為實(shi)(shi)現(xian)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)功率(lv)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)調(diao)(diao)速(su)，人(ren)們提(ti)出(chu)了(le)多(duo)種拓撲(pu)結構(gou)，比較實(shi)(shi)用并已(yi)產品化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)，按其(qi)(qi)主接(jie)線可(ke)分(fen)為交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)和交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直(zhi)(zhi)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)兩大(da)類。而交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直(zhi)(zhi)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)又可(ke)分(fen)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—低(di)(di)(di)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—低(di)(di)(di)方(fang)式(shi)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)。按中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間直(zhi)(zhi)流濾波(bo)環(huan)節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直(zhi)(zhi)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)領域中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又可(ke)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流源(yuan)(yuan)型(xing)、三電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平PWM電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)型(xing)（也稱NeturalPointClamped中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點嵌位(wei)）、單元串聯多(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平PWM電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)源(yuan)(yuan)型(xing)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)建立在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創新、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)及材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)及器(qi)件(jian)制造工藝水平提(ti)高基礎(chu)之上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)容量(liang)GTO、IGBT、IGCT器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)功開發(fa)(fa)，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)功率(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)得(de)(de)以(yi)迅(xun)速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，性能(neng)日(ri)益完(wan)善(shan)。2中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)21交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)    交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)早期(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)形式(shi)，其(qi)(qi)工作原理決(jue)定了(le)它只能(neng)工作在(zai)低(di)(di)(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)（20Hz以(yi)下(xia)），適(shi)應(ying)于(yu)低(di)(di)(di)轉速(su)大(da)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機負(fu)載(zai)。因其(qi)(qi)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)開關(guan)器(qi)件(jian)處于(yu)自(zi)然關(guan)斷狀態(tai)(tai)，不(bu)存在(zai)強迫(po)換(huan)流問題，所以(yi)第一代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)——晶閘(zha)管(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)完(wan)全滿足它的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)熟，在(zai)國內(nei)開發(fa)(fa)研制也最多(duo)，目前在(zai)國內(nei)仍有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)。 三相橋式(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一相為反并聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)逆整(zheng)流線路(lu)(lu)，只要(yao)(yao)控制信號(hao)按正弦規律(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)得(de)(de)到近(jin)似(si)正弦的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)波(bo)形。由于(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)實(shi)(shi)質上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)可(ke)逆整(zheng)流線路(lu)(lu)，因此在(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)流可(ke)逆傳動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有環(huan)流、無環(huan)流等控制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)都可(ke)以(yi)采用。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來換(huan)流，因此它的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)動(dong)態(tai)(tai)與市場(chang)展(zhan)(zhan)望

變頻器主電路圖  
若干段“拼(pin)湊”起(qi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一般最(zui)高(gao)輸(shu)出(chu)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3以(yi)(yi)下。    交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)主接(jie)線(xian)(xian)中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶閘管，故結(jie)(jie)構(gou)復雜(za)，維護工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，并因采用(yong)移(yi)(yi)相控制(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)，一般僅有(you)(you)(you)0.6～0.7，而(er)且諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)成分(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，故需(xu)要(yao)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補償和(he)濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)裝置，使得(de)(de)總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造價提(ti)高(gao)。因交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)落后(hou)，諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)成分(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)低(di)(di)及調(diao)速范圍不(bu)寬等(deng)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)發展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)面臨著(zhu)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)戰，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)有(you)(you)(you)被(bei)淘汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。22交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)    在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)拓撲(pu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，如中(zhong)—低(di)(di)—中(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式，其(qi)實(shi)質上(shang)(shang)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，只(zhi)不(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)兩(liang)端來(lai)(lai)看是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。因其(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)中(zhong)間(jian)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)環(huan)節，故有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、結(jie)(jie)構(gou)復雜(za)、效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)低(di)(di)、可(ke)(ke)靠性差等(deng)缺(que)點(dian)(dian)。該方(fang)(fang)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)由(you)(you)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)向中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)過(guo)渡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)發展(zhan)(zhan)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)早，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成熟，所以(yi)(yi)目(mu)前(qian)仍有(you)(you)(you)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，德國(guo)西(xi)門子、英國(guo)西(xi)枝來(lai)(lai)克公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)此種(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)主。隨著(zhu)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)可(ke)(ke)關斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)(zhi)成功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，中(zhong)—低(di)(di)—中(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)被(bei)逐步淘汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。而(er)直接(jie)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)(fang)式，因沒有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)環(huan)節，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景。    以(yi)(yi)IGCT為(wei)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ACS1000型(xing)中(zhong)—中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如圖(tu)(tu)1所示(shi)。從圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看到(dao)(dao)IGCT既不(bu)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)也(ye)不(bu)并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)，并用(yong)兩(liang)只(zhi)IGCT代替傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)開斷速度為(wei)傳(chuan)統(tong)快(kuai)熔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1000倍(bei)，其(qi)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)采用(yong)IGCT，使該種(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度提(ti)高(gao)，IGCT在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)目(mu)前(qian)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直接(jie)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)領域(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)具有(you)(you)(you)創新(xin)(xin)性和(he)廣闊(kuo)發展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)—中(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式，雖然(ran)具有(you)(you)(you)損耗小(xiao)、無降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)特點(dian)(dian)，但由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)。單(dan)元(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)形(xing)式，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)它(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)要(yao)求(qiu)四象限(xian)運行時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)前(qian)景。而(er)三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)控制(zhi)(zhi)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)具有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)下特點(dian)(dian)，將成為(wei)今后(hou)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)趨(qu)勢。1）采用(yong)三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)拓撲(pu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)(you)效地解決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti),由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)每(mei)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)開關器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)僅為(wei)直流(liu)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一半,因此它(ta)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。2）三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)拓撲(pu)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)橋能(neng)(neng)(neng)輸(shu)出(chu)三(san)(san)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(＋Ud/2、－Ud/2、0)，線(xian)(xian)（相）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)(you)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階梯來(lai)(lai)模擬正弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，使得(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)失(shi)真度減少(shao)，因此諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)為(wei)減少(shao)。3）多級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)階梯波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)減少(shao)了(le)du/dt,使對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)繞組絕緣沖(chong)擊(ji)減小(xiao)。4）三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)PWM方(fang)(fang)法(fa)把第一組諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)布帶移(yi)(yi)至2倍(bei)開關頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)帶區,利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感能(neng)(neng)(neng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好地抑制(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。5）三(san)(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)拓撲(pu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)3×3×3=27種(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)矢量(liang),較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)二(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)增加,矢量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多帶來(lai)(lai)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)消(xiao)除算(suan)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自由(you)(you)度,可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)。3中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)動(dong)態31多單(dan)元(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)    國(guo)際上(shang)(shang)具有(you)(you)(you)研制(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)裝置能(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)均是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)知(zhi)名電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，諸如美國(guo)AB公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)、羅(luo)檳康（ROBICON）公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和(he)日本東(dong)芝公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)等(deng)，并有(you)(you)(you)搶占我國(guo)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)，國(guo)內外一些公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)研制(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)“無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網污(wu)染”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。據報(bao)道，這類(lei)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)裝置具有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)、高(gao)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、無諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)污(wu)染、無需(xu)專用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)等(deng)優點(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)(dao)國(guo)際先進水平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，其(qi)三(san)(san)相系統(tong)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)如圖(tu)(tu)2所示(shi)。三(san)(san)相高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經移(yi)(yi)相變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，由(you)(you)其(qi)副邊每(mei)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)移(yi)(yi)相12°供(gong)給5個(ge)(ge)(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)，各(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如圖(tu)(tu)3所示(shi)。為(wei)常(chang)規交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—直—交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，輸(shu)入側為(wei)三(san)(san)相全橋二(er)極管整流(liu)，中(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)環(huan)節，輸(shu)出(chu)側為(wei)IGBT單(dan)相全控形(xing)式。即在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)A.B兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)之(zhi)間(jian)得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)PWM波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing),5個(ge)(ge)(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)相疊加即可(ke)(ke)輸(shu)出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)正弦(xian)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)給交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)。例如每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)承(cheng)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)690V，5個(ge)(ge)(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)后(hou)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)3450V，對(dui)應(ying)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)6000V。該裝置在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)系統(tong)設(she)計(ji)上(shang)(shang)采用(yong)了(le)多項先進技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。

圖(tu)(tu)3大功率逆(ni)變器單(dan)元主(zhu)電(dian)路結(jie)構圖(tu)(tu)

圖2三相系統主電路結(jie)構圖 

1）逆變(bian)器(qi)直流(liu)側通過曲(qu)折(zhe)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)移(yi)相(xiang)實現30脈波(bo)整流(liu),理論上29次(ci)以(yi)下的諧(xie)波(bo)電流(liu)都可(ke)以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu),使裝置(zhi)的諧(xie)波(bo)抑(yi)制能力(li)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)加強，使電網(wang)側電壓(ya)與電流(liu)之間幾乎無相(xiang)移(yi)，因此功率因數可(ke)以(yi)接近于1。

2）采(cai)用(yong)IGBT作為主電路的(de)開關器件,可以提高開關頻率,以減小電流和(he)轉距的(de)脈(mo)動。

3）全(quan)數字化光纖控制技術的應用,控制柔性和可靠性大大提高。

4）多級PWM輸(shu)出波形生(sheng)成技術(shu),單元(yuan)逆(ni)變橋輸(shu)出PWM波形以及(ji)5級移相疊加(jia)后得(de)到的(de)變頻器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)呈現電(dian)平臺階梯形逐級錯開的(de)理想狀態(tai)，實現了高(gao)質量(liang)的(de)功率輸(shu)出，大(da)大(da)減少了輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)du/dt對電(dian)機繞組的(de)沖(chong)擊，在這(zhe)種PWM控(kong)制方法下，器(qi)件(jian)開關(guan)(guan)頻率是電(dian)機繞組的(de)等(deng)效開關(guan)(guan)頻率的(de)10倍，以較小(xiao)的(de)器(qi)件(jian)開關(guan)(guan)損耗實現了較高(gao)的(de)電(dian)機運行性能。

5）功(gong)(gong)(gong)率單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)標(biao)準模塊化,IGBT驅動電(dian)路智能化,并在功(gong)(gong)(gong)率單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)路設(she)計中應(ying)用了功(gong)(gong)(gong)率母線(xian)技術。系統(tong)有(you)著完善(shan)的檢(jian)測及保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能，并具有(you)與PC機現場總線(xian)的標(biao)準接口(kou)，采用鍵盤操作和大屏(ping)幕液晶漢顯界(jie)面。

32主流器件    

中壓(ya)(ya)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)技(ji)(ji)術主電(dian)路(lu)拓撲結(jie)構(gou)是隨著電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展而不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，早期產品應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)閘(zha)管器件已處于(yu)(yu)逐(zhu)步(bu)被(bei)淘(tao)汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)。GTO具有(you)(you)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展潛力，但驅(qu)動（關(guan)斷(duan)）電(dian)路(lu)復雜，影響(xiang)可靠性(xing)，J3結(jie)特性(xing)很軟，耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)很低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)P—N結(jie)，若GTO未(wei)(wei)處于(yu)(yu)導通狀(zhuang)態就連續(xu)對(dui)(dui)G—K所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)J3結(jie)施(shi)加強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)門極(ji)脈沖是很危險的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)此在(zai)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中GTO狀(zhuang)態識(shi)別(bie)和(he)邏輯保護(hu)是十分重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而采用(yong)(yong)內部(bu)MOS結(jie)構(gou)關(guan)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)GTO，因(yin)工藝復雜，目前未(wei)(wei)能實(shi)現大(da)功率(lv)化(hua)。為(wei)實(shi)現可關(guan)斷(duan)MOS結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)GTO，已開發(fa)(fa)研制出把MOS結(jie)構(gou)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)GTO外面來協助關(guan)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IGCT。IGCT適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（1000A以(yi)上）、低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)（1000Hz以(yi)下）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，由于(yu)(yu)其從研制生產到(dao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一系(xi)列技(ji)(ji)術受到(dao)專(zhuan)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)，在(zai)推廣應(ying)用(yong)(yong)和(he)器件競爭中未(wei)(wei)能完(wan)全取GTO。IGBT作(zuo)為(wei)第三代電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)器件，因(yin)其工作(zuo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較(jiao)低，在(zai)多電(dian)平級聯(lian)式變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)裝置(zhi)中有(you)(you)其廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展前景。其作(zuo)為(wei)主電(dian)路(lu)器件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中壓(ya)(ya)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)裝置(zhi)具有(you)(you)改(gai)善(shan)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)波形，減少(shao)諧波對(dui)(dui)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染及減少(shao)系(xi)統和(he)電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)應(ying)力。IEGT是最為(wei)嶄新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)器件，其吸取了IGBT和(he)GTO兩者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點，稱為(wei)“注入增強柵晶(jing)體管”，它(ta)是在(zai)溝(gou)槽型IGBT基(ji)礎上，把部(bu)分溝(gou)道同P區相聯(lian)使(shi)發(fa)(fa)射極(ji)區注入增強，使(shi)得IEGT具有(you)(you)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)，使(shi)其更適合于(yu)(yu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)功率(lv)、高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)裝置(zhi)。    

目前，應用在(zai)中壓大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)變頻領(ling)域(yu)的電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)，已形成(cheng)GTO、IGCT、IGBT、IEGT相互競爭不(bu)斷創新的局面，在(zai)大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)（1000kW），低(di)頻率(lv)(lv)（1000Hz）的傳(chuan)動領(ling)域(yu)，如電(dian)力(li)牽(qian)引機車領(ling)域(yu)GTO、IGCT有著獨特的優勢，而在(zai)高載(zai)波頻率(lv)(lv)、高斬波頻率(lv)(lv)下IGBT、IEGT有著廣闊的發展前景，在(zai)現階(jie)段中壓大(da)(da)功率(lv)(lv)變頻領(ling)域(yu)將由這四種(zhong)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子器(qi)件(jian)構成(cheng)其主流器(qi)件(jian)。

33主流結(jie)構   

目前(qian)就中(zhong)壓大功率變頻(pin)器的主流結構為中(zhong)—中(zhong)方式及其派(pai)生的形式。

1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源型(xing)中(zhong)—中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源型(xing)中(zhong)—中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由整流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩部分組成，在逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)直流側并有(you)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)容，用(yong)來緩(huan)沖無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，當(dang)要(yao)求(qiu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)普通(tong)(tong)PWM電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)源型(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)三(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)PWM方(fang)式，以(yi)避免器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)串聯的(de)動態(tai)均(jun)壓(ya)(ya)問(wen)題，同時(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)諧(xie)波du/dt。三(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)PWM方(fang)式整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)(cai)用(yong)二極管，逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)部分功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)GTO、IGBT或IGCT。每個(ge)(ge)橋(qiao)臂(bei)雖由4個(ge)(ge)功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)串聯，但是不存在同時(shi)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)和(he)關斷以(yi)及(ji)由此(ci)引起的(de)動態(tai)均(jun)壓(ya)(ya)問(wen)題。由于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)數增加到了(le)3個(ge)(ge)，每個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)的(de)幅值下降(jiang)(jiang)，且提高(gao)了(le)諧(xie)波消除(chu)算法(fa)的(de)自(zi)由度，可(ke)(ke)使輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)波形比二電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)PWM變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)了(le)較(jiao)大的(de)提高(gao)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)du/dt也有(you)所減(jian)少。若輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)也采(cai)(cai)用(yong)對稱的(de)PWM結構(gou)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)做(zuo)到系統(tong)功(gong)率(lv)因數可(ke)(ke)調，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)諧(xie)波也很低(di)，且可(ke)(ke)四象限運行。為減(jian)少輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)諧(xie)波和(he)轉距(ju)脈動，希望有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)開關頻(pin)率(lv)，但會導(dao)致(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)損耗(hao)增加，效率(lv)下降(jiang)(jiang)。三(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)若不設濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一般(ban)需(xu)要(yao)特殊(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機，若使用(yong)普通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機應降(jiang)(jiang)額(e)應用(yong)。

2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)—中(zhong)(zhong)變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)型(xing)變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)優點(dian)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能可(ke)(ke)以(yi)回饋(kui)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，其(qi)結構(gou)決定由(you)其(qi)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)調速系(xi)統可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)四(si)象限運行。由(you)于(yu)(yu)輸入(ru)(ru)側采(cai)用(yong)橋式晶閘(zha)管整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，功(gong)率(lv)因數低，且(qie)隨著(zhu)系(xi)統轉速的(de)(de)下(xia)降而降低，另外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)型(xing)變頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)還會(hui)(hui)產生較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)共(gong)模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，若不采(cai)用(yong)隔離變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，其(qi)共(gong)模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)(hui)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)絕緣。裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，會(hui)(hui)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)(de)額外發熱(re)和轉矩(ju)脈動(dong)，從而影響系(xi)統的(de)(de)動(dong)態指標(biao)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)驅動(dong)功(gong)率(lv)、均(jun)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等固定損(sun)耗較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，系(xi)統效(xiao)率(lv)會(hui)(hui)隨著(zhu)負載的(de)(de)降低而下(xia)降。采(cai)用(yong)GTO作(zuo)為(wei)逆變部分功(gong)率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過PWM開關模式來實現(xian)消(xiao)除諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，但系(xi)統受(shou)到GTO開關頻(pin)率(lv)上限的(de)(de)限制(zhi)，一般控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)幾百Hz左右，若整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)采(cai)用(yong)GTO作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)PWM控(kong)制(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得(de)到較(jiao)(jiao)低的(de)(de)輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)和較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)率(lv)因數，但會(hui)(hui)使系(xi)統結構(gou)復雜和成(cheng)本增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)型(xing)的(de)(de)發展稍晚于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)型(xing)，在(zai)(zai)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)方面電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)源(yuan)型(xing)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)源(yuan)型(xing)比較(jiao)(jiao)有三大(da)差別。

①逆變器(qi)的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)側采用(yong)大電(dian)感L作為(wei)濾波元件，即(ji)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)路具有(you)較大的(de)(de)阻抗，由于(yu)L的(de)(de)作用(yong)，三相整流(liu)(liu)(liu)橋交流(liu)(liu)(liu)側的(de)(de)輸(shu)入電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)120°方(fang)波電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，同樣三相逆變橋交流(liu)(liu)(liu)側輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)120°方(fang)波的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。由于(yu)L的(de)(de)作用(yong)，能有(you)效地抑制故障電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)上升率實現較理想的(de)(de)保(bao)護特(te)性。 

②沒有與逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)橋(qiao)反向(xiang)并(bing)聯的(de)反饋(kui)二(er)極管橋(qiao)，這里整(zheng)流(liu)橋(qiao)和(he)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)橋(qiao)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)方向(xiang)始終不(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，傳動系統能量(liang)的(de)再生可以通過整(zheng)流(liu)橋(qiao)和(he)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)橋(qiao)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓同時反向(xiang)，將能量(liang)返送交流(liu)電(dian)網(wang)，因此可快速(su)實現(xian)四象限(xian)運行，適用于頻繁加(jia)減速(su)和(he)頻繁啟動的(de)負載場合。

③逆(ni)變橋(qiao)依靠(kao)逆(ni)變橋(qiao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)振來換(huan)流(liu)，簡(jian)化了(le)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。34功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)及多(duo)(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平方式     在(zai)中(zhong)—中(zhong)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)，若采用(yong)(yong)(yong)若干(gan)個(ge)低壓(ya)PWM變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式實現直接(jie)高(gao)壓(ya)，單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)決定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等級(ji)，不(bu)存在(zai)著器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)均壓(ya)問題(ti)。逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)部分采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平移相(xiang)式PWM技(ji)術(shu)，同(tong)一相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)輸出相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)各(ge)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5對載(zai)波(bo)(bo)（每(mei)對含正反(fan)向(xiang)信號）之間(jian)互(hu)相(xiang)錯(cuo)開(kai)36°，實現多(duo)(duo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平PWM，每(mei)個(ge)功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT開(kai)關頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)為600Hz，若每(mei)相(xiang)5個(ge)功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)時(shi)，等效的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)開(kai)關頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)為6kHz，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)低開(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗，提高(gao)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)效率(lv)，此種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)任何普(pu)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機，且(qie)不(bu)必降(jiang)(jiang)額使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。雖(sui)然(ran)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)拓撲結(jie)構(gou)會使器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)增(zeng)加，但由于(yu)驅(qu)動功(gong)率(lv)下降(jiang)(jiang)，開(kai)關頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)較低且(qie)不(bu)必采用(yong)(yong)(yong)均壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，使系統(tong)在(zai)效率(lv)方面仍(reng)有較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，一般可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達97％。由于(yu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)模(mo)塊(kuai)化結(jie)構(gou)，所有功(gong)率(lv)單(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)互(hu)換(huan)，維修也比較方便。但由于(yu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)二極(ji)管整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，所以(yi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)回饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)實現四(si)象限運行，其(qi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域受到一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)。 35功(gong)率(lv)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)技(ji)術(shu)    在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術(shu)及應用(yong)(yong)(yong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)化發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)今天，系統(tong)中(zhong)特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)連接(jie)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寄生參(can)數產生巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)應力，已成(cheng)為威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素。從直流(liu)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)至逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)寄生電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)在(zai)通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬開(kai)關逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，由于(yu)瞬(shun)時(shi)切換(huan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，會使器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)過(guo)熱，甚(shen)至有時(shi)使逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)失控并超(chao)過(guo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定安全工(gong)作區而損(sun)(sun)壞，限制(zhi)了(le)開(kai)關工(gong)作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。功(gong)率(lv)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)按其(qi)結(jie)構(gou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)分為以(yi)下幾種(zhong)：1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絞(jiao)(jiao)線(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)最常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)功(gong)率(lv)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)，價(jia)廉、簡(jian)易，但在(zai)IGBT逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自感(gan)(gan)大(da)(da)，與園截面導(dao)線(xian)(xian)相(xiang)比，扁平母(mu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自感(gan)(gan)只(zhi)有園導(dao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3～1/2，而所占(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體積只(zhi)有它的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/10～1/2。2）印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)(ban)印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)(ban)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逆(ni)變器(qi)(qi)(qi)，但當母(mu)線(xian)(xian)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到150A時(shi)，要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復銅層(ceng)很厚(hou)，造價(jia)太高(gao)，另外用(yong)(yong)(yong)來連接(jie)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿孔不(bu)但占(zhan)據較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian)，而且(qie)會影響整機的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性。

3）裸銅(tong)板母(mu)線(xian)（平(ping)面(mian)并(bing)行母(mu)線(xian)）這(zhe)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)工業上(shang)廣泛應用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT模(mo)塊(kuai)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統母(mu)線(xian)形(xing)式，其(qi)缺點是在于并(bing)行母(mu)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互感較大(da)。4）支架(jia)式母(mu)線(xian)如果將正直流(liu)(liu)母(mu)線(xian)銅(tong)板放(fang)(fang)置在負直流(liu)(liu)母(mu)線(xian)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)方，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)薄(bo)(bo)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料隔開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法來制(zhi)(zhi)作母(mu)線(xian)，由于磁場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互抵消(xiao)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)最大(da)限    度地降低互感，但其(qi)工藝復雜，不宜規模(mo)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。由于上(shang)述幾種(zhong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)都(dou)(dou)存在著不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)約大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)體積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)型化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進程，為此(ci)(ci)開(kai)發研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)。5）迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場(chang)理論，把(ba)連(lian)線(xian)做成(cheng)(cheng)扁(bian)平(ping)截面(mian)，在同(tong)樣截面(mian)下做得(de)越薄(bo)(bo)越寬，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感越小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，相(xiang)鄰(lin)導線(xian)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)(liu)過相(xiang)反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，其(qi)磁場(chang)抵消(xiao)，也可(ke)(ke)使(shi)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，這(zhe)就促使(shi)萌生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)路(lu)。所謂迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)是以(yi)(yi)又(you)薄(bo)(bo)又(you)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)排形(xing)式迭(die)(die)(die)放(fang)(fang)在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)用(yong)很薄(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料熱壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)體，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個母(mu)線(xian)極之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離均勻一(yi)(yi)致，以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)互感，各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)銅(tong)排都(dou)(dou)在所需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端子位置處同(tong)其(qi)他層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可(ke)(ke)靠絕(jue)緣(yuan)地引出(chu)，使(shi)所具有不同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端子表(biao)露在同(tong)一(yi)(yi)平(ping)面(mian)上(shang)，以(yi)(yi)便于把(ba)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有器(qi)(qi)件與(yu)之(zhi)相(xiang)連(lian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)結(jie)構，可(ke)(ke)承(cheng)受數(shu)百kg的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切應力(li)(li)，其(qi)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極之(zhi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)承(cheng)受數(shu)kV的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。使(shi)用(yong)迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)將IGBT和整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)管等(deng)模(mo)塊(kuai)、散熱器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)及柵(zha)極驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組合在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，迭(die)(die)(die)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)母(mu)線(xian)與(yu)器(qi)(qi)件之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)是用(yong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端子和插接(jie)件等(deng)來完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)(yi)使(shi)相(xiang)連(lian)接(jie)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸表(biao)面(mian)與(yu)母(mu)線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻非常小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，也使(shi)得(de)寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感成(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)級(ji)地減小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)Ldi/dt的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應力(li)(li)降至最低，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝(zhuang)置工作在最佳(jia)狀(zhuang)態。4市(shi)(shi)場(chang)分析     我(wo)國發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50％～60％用(yong)于交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji),而(er)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)在315kW以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（其(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)般為3～10kV),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)占(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)40％～50％。由于我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)技術仍(reng)沒有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)產業化，落后于國外發達國家，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)這(zhe)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)在負載(zai)工況變(bian)(bian)(bian)化時(shi)，缺少(shao)經(jing)濟可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調速(su)手段，每天(tian)都(dou)(dou)在浪(lang)費著大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)國內(nei)(nei)潛(qian)在著巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。世界上(shang)各(ge)大(da)知名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)公(gong)司，如西門(men)子、ABB、AB、AEG、東(dong)芝等(deng)，都(dou)(dou)在這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)領域展開(kai)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)，投(tou)入(ru)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)和財(cai)力(li)(li)，開(kai)發研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)高性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品，以(yi)(yi)搶占(zhan)我(wo)國中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。國家計(ji)(ji)委預計(ji)(ji)在今(jin)后十五年內(nei)(nei)，我(wo)國變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)總需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資額在500億元以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，而(er)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)60％～70％是中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)。

我國的高壓變頻器(qi)市場有其(qi)特(te)殊性，其(qi)使用環境(jing)、用戶特(te)點與國外差別較(jiao)大，歸納起來有以(yi)下幾點:

1）行業(ye)性(xing)很強，主要(yao)集中在(zai)(zai)冶(ye)金(jin)、電(dian)力、供(gong)水(shui)、石油、化工、煤炭等行業(ye)。在(zai)(zai)工業(ye)用電(dian)中石油、煤炭等能源行業(ye)耗(hao)電(dian)占(zhan)22.34％;化工占(zhan)14.73％;冶(ye)金(jin)占(zhan)14.18％;機(ji)械建材占(zhan)10.96％;供(gong)水(shui)占(zhan)10.53％。

2）上述行業中大都為國有控股企業，定購(gou)產品涉及動力、計劃(hua)、技術改造等部門，購(gou)買決策(ce)周(zhou)期長。

3）一次性投資購買設(she)備金額較大，若(ruo)能(neng)采(cai)用(yong)賣(mai)方信(xin)貸、租賃(lin)、節能(neng)效(xiao)益還款等方式促銷，會使用(yong)戶(hu)更快接收。

4）各類負載工況差異大，使用經(jing)驗相對少。

5）目前(qian)全國各行業(ye)中，只(zhi)有少數(shu)企業(ye)的高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)機(ji)使用了調速方(fang)式，市(shi)場空白點多。

6）政府行(xing)為和市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)不確定性。高(gao)壓變頻(pin)器(qi)屬投(tou)資類(lei)設備(bei)，主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)節能和改(gai)善生產工藝。用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)是否購買此類(lei)設備(bei)與政府的(de)(de)(de)政策導向關系很大。如政府推廣力度較大，市(shi)場(chang)啟動會快一些(xie)，反之則慢。另一方面市(shi)場(chang)還受國(guo)際、國(guo)內(nei)經濟(ji)大環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)及(ji)國(guo)內(nei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(某些(xie)行(xing)業(ye))整(zheng)體(ti)經濟(ji)效益好壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。因(yin)此，在(zai)未來市(shi)場(chang)發(fa)展過程中仍存在(zai)著一些(xie)不確定的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素。

7）海外(wai)跨國公司知名(ming)品牌產品大舉進入我國市場的可能(neng)性較(jiao)大，各方應有所(suo)準(zhun)備。    

我(wo)(wo)們如果不能(neng)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)場競爭(zheng)中(zhong)研(yan)制開發出自己(ji)的(de)(de)創(chuang)新產(chan)(chan)品，并形成產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)模，并加(jia)大(da)推廣應(ying)用力(li)度，那(nei)么(me)我(wo)(wo)們將(jiang)把國(guo)(guo)內幾(ji)百(bai)億元的(de)(de)中(zhong)壓(ya)大(da)功率變頻器市(shi)場讓(rang)給國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)各(ge)大(da)電氣(qi)公司(si)，其結果是由(you)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)各(ge)大(da)電氣(qi)公司(si)壟(long)斷我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)壓(ya)大(da)功率變頻器技術(shu)及市(shi)場，那(nei)時我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)領域的(de)(de)技術(shu)和產(chan)(chan)品將(jiang)是“萬國(guo)(guo)型(xing)”。因此(ci)研(yan)制國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)壓(ya)大(da)功率變頻器，就必須走(zou)產(chan)(chan)學研(yan)聯合(he)創(chuang)新之路，才(cai)能(neng)形成產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)的(de)(de)規(gui)模。而要(yao)從技術(shu)創(chuang)新走(zou)向(xiang)產(chan)(chan)業成功的(de)(de)路，并沒有一(yi)個(ge)固定模式(shi)和規(gui)律讓(rang)我(wo)(wo)們去遵(zun)循(xun)，而是需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場經濟的(de)(de)競爭(zheng)中(zhong)穿插、協調，把人(ren)的(de)(de)智慧(hui)、技術(shu)、和社會(hui)的(de)(de)資金(jin)及產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)推廣應(ying)用的(de)(de)網絡(luo)有機地結合(he)，形成技術(shu)創(chuang)新、推廣應(ying)用、網絡(luo)服務，以此(ci)推動國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)壓(ya)大(da)功率變頻器走(zou)向(xiang)市(shi)場，并占領市(shi)場形成全(quan)新的(de)(de)規(gui)模化(hua)的(de)(de)朝陽產(chan)(chan)業。